Image watermarking scheme based on Arnold transform and DWT-DCT-SVD

Abstract

In this paper, an improved digital watermarking scheme combined with multi-level discrete cosine transform (DCT), discrete wavelet transform (DWT), and singular value decomposition (SVD) is proposed. To improve the security of the watermark, the encrypted watermark is acquired by Arnold transform before watermark embedding. The proposed scheme is proved to be robust, and its performance is evaluated with respect to the normalized correlation (NC) and peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR). The robustness of the proposed scheme is also evaluated under different attacks which include salt and pepper noise, Gaussian noise, and other attacks. The experimental results are also conducted to verify the effect of false positive problem which exists in most watermarking schemes based on SVD.