Kin selection promotes female productivity and cooperation between the sexes

Abstract

) evolve in populations structured into groups of relatives or nonrelatives during the reproductive phase of the life cycle. In accordance with predictions derived from kin selection theory, we found that evolution in groups of relatives resulted in increased female reproductive output. This increase at least partly results from the evolution of male traits that elevate their partners' fecundity. Our results highlight the power and universality of kin selection.