Carbon Anode Materials for Advanced Sodium‐Ion Batteries

TLDR

The growing demand for lithium‑ion batteries is limited by scarce lithium, making sodium‑ion batteries a promising alternative due to abundant sodium and comparable electrochemical performance. This review surveys recent progress in sodium storage performance of carbonaceous anode materials and outlines critical issues, challenges, and future perspectives. It also summarizes the underlying sodium storage mechanisms of graphite, amorphous carbon, heteroatom‑doped carbon, and biomass‑derived carbon.

Abstract

Abstract The ever‐increasing demand of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) caused by the rapid development of various electronics and electric vehicles will be hindered by the limited lithium resource. Thus sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) have been considered as a promising potential alternative for LIBs owing to the abundant sodium resource and similar electrochemical performances. In recent years, significant achievements regarding anode materials which restricted the development of SIBs in the past decades have been attained. Significantly, the sodium storage feasibility of carbon materials with abundant resource, low cost, nontoxicity and high safety has been confirmed, and extensive investigation have demonstrated that the carbonaceous materials can become promising electrode candidates for SIBs. In this review, the recent progress of the sodium storage performances of carbonaceous materials, including graphite, amorphous carbon, heteroatom‐doped carbon, and biomass derived carbon, are presented and the related sodium storage mechanism is also summarized. Additionally, the critical issues, challenges and perspectives are provided to further understand the carbonaceous anode materials.