Direct Synthesis of Dimethyl Carbonate from Carbon Dioxide and Methanol at Room Temperature Using Imidazolium Hydrogen Carbonate Ionic Liquid as a Recyclable Catalyst and Dehydrant

Abstract

The direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) from CO₂ and CH₃ OH was achieved at room temperature with 74 % CH₃ OH conversion in the presence of an imidazolium hydrogen carbonate ionic liquid ([C_n C_m Im][HCO₃ ]). Experimental and theoretical results reveal that [C_n C_m Im][HCO₃ ] can transform quickly into a CO₂ adduct, which serves as an effective catalyst and dehydrant. Its dehydration ability is reversible. The energy barrier of the rate-determining step for the DMC synthesis is only 21.7 kcal mol^-1 . The ionic liquid can be reused easily without a significant loss of its catalytic and dehydrating ability.