Transactions of the American Mathematical Society Β· 2016 Β· 10 citations Β· 13 references
Natural SciencesComputer ScienceMathematicsAlgebraRepresentation TheoryTopologyHomological AlgebraUniversal AlgebraAnnotation Encoding
Let <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="k"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">k</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> be an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero, <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper D"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">D</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> a locally nilpotent derivation on the polynomial ring <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="k left-bracket upper X 1 comma upper X 2 comma upper X 3 comma upper X 4 right-bracket"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">k[X_1, X_2,X_3,X_4]</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> and <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper A"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>A</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">A</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> the kernel of <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper D"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">D</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> . A question of M. Miyanishi asks whether projective modules over <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper A"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>A</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">A</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> are necessarily free. Implicit is a subquestion: whether the Grothendieck group <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper K 0 left-parenthesis upper A right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>K</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>A</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">K_0(A)</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> is trivial. In this paper we shall demonstrate an explicit <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="k left-bracket upper X 1 right-bracket"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">k[X_1]</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> -linear fixed point free locally nilpotent derivation <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper D"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">D</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> of <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="k left-bracket upper X 1 comma upper X 2 comma upper X 3 comma upper X 4 right-bracket"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">k[X_1,X_2,X_3, X_4]</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> whose kernel <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper A"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>A</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">A</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> has an isolated singularity and whose Grothendieck group <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper K 0 left-parenthesis upper A right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>K</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>A</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">K_0(A)</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> is not finitely generated; in particular, there exists an infinite family of pairwise non-isomorphic projective modules over the kernel <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:m
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