Enhanced Performance of Blended Polymer Excipients in Delivering a Hydrophobic Drug through the Synergistic Action of Micelles and HPMCAS

Abstract

Blends of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) and dodecyl (C₁₂)-tailed poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) were systematically explored as a model system to dispense the active ingredient phenytoin by rapid dissolution, followed by the suppression of drug crystallization for an extended period. Dynamic and static light scattering revealed that C₁₂-PNIPAm polymers, synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization, self-assembled into micelles with dodecyl cores in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 6.5). A synergistic effect on drug supersaturation was documented during in vitro dissolution tests by varying the blending ratio, with HPMACS primarily aiding in rapid dissolution and PNIPAm maintaining supersaturation. Polarized light and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy experiments revealed that C₁₂-PNIPAm micelles maintain drug supersaturation by inhibiting both crystal nucleation and growth. Cross-peaks between the phenyl group of phenytoin and the isopropyl group of C₁₂-PNIPAm in 2D ¹H nuclear Overhauser effect (NOESY) spectra confirmed the existence of drug-polymer intermolecular interactions in solution. Phenytoin and polymer diffusion coefficients, measured by diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy (DOSY), demonstrated that the drug-polymer association constant increased with increasing local density of the corona chains, coincident with a reduction in C₁₂-PNIPAm molecular weight. These findings demonstrate a new strategy for exploiting the versatility of polymer blends through the use of self-assembled micelles in the design of advanced excipients.