A-Site and B-Site Charge Orderings in an <i>s–d</i> Level Controlled Perovskite Oxide PbCoO₃

Abstract

Perovskite PbCoO₃ synthesized at 12 GPa was found to have an unusual charge distribution of Pb²⁺Pb⁴⁺₃Co²⁺₂Co³⁺₂O₁₂ with charge orderings in both the A and B sites of perovskite ABO₃. Comprehensive studies using density functional theory (DFT) calculation, electron diffraction (ED), synchrotron X-ray diffraction (SXRD), neutron powder diffraction (NPD), hard X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (HAXPES), soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and measurements of specific heat as well as magnetic and electrical properties provide evidence of lead ion and cobalt ion charge ordering leading to Pb²⁺Pb⁴⁺₃Co²⁺₂Co³⁺₂O₁₂ quadruple perovskite structure. It is shown that the average valence distribution of Pb^3.5+Co^2.5+O₃ between Pb³⁺Cr³⁺O₃ and Pb⁴⁺Ni²⁺O₃ can be stabilized by tuning the energy levels of Pb 6s and transition metal 3d orbitals.