Phosphenium Hydride Reduction of [(cod)MX₂] (M = Pd, Pt; X = Cl, Br): Snapshots on the Way to Phosphenium Metal(0) Halides and Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles

Abstract

The outcome of the reduction of [(cod)PtX 2 ] (X = Cl, Br; cod = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) with N-heterocyclic phosphenium hydrides R NHP–H depends strongly on the steric demand of the N -aryl group R and the nature of X. Reaction of [(cod)PtCl 2 ] with Dipp NHP–H featuring bulky N-Dipp groups produced an unprecedented monomeric phosphenium metal(0) halide [( Dipp NHP)( Dipp NHP–H)PtCl] stabilized by a single phosphine ligand. The phosphenium unit exhibits a pyramidal coordination geometry at the phosphorus atom and may according to DFT calculations be classified as a Z-type ligand. In contrast, reaction of [(cod)PtBr 2 ] with the sterically less protected Mes NHP–H afforded a mixture of donor-ligand free oligonuclear complexes [{( Mes NHP)PtBr} n ] ( n = 2, 3), which are structural analogues of known palladium complexes with μ 2 -bridging phosphenium units. All reductions studied proceed via spectroscopically detectable intermediates, several of which could be unambiguously identified by means of multinuclear ( 1 H, 31 P, 195 Pt) NMR spectroscopy and computational studies. The experimental findings reveal that the phosphenium hydrides in these multistep processes adopt a dual function as ligands and hydride transfer reagents. The preference for the observed intricate pathways over seemingly simpler ligand exchange processes is presumably due to kinetic reasons. The attempt to exchange the bulky phosphine ligand in [( Dipp NHP)( Dipp NHP–H)PtCl] by Me 3 P resulted in an unexpected isomerization to a platinum(0) chlorophosphine complex via a formal chloride migration from platinum to phosphorus, which accentuates the electrophilic nature of the phosphenium ligand. Phosphenium metal(0) halides of platinum further show a surprising thermal stability, whereas the palladium complexes easily disintegrate upon gentle heating in dimethyl sulfoxide to yield metal nanoparticles, which were characterized by TEM and XRD studies.