Electron lenses for head-on beam-beam compensation in RHIC

Abstract

Two electron lenses ($e$-lenses) have been in operation during the 2015 RHIC physics run as part of a head-on beam-beam compensation scheme. While the RHIC lattice was chosen to reduce the beam-beam-induced resonance-driving terms, the electron lenses reduced the beam-beam-induced tune spread. This has been demonstrated for the first time. The beam-beam compensation scheme allows for higher beam-beam parameters and therefore higher intensities and luminosity. In this paper, we detail the design considerations and verification of the electron beam parameters of the RHIC $e$-lenses. Longitudinal and transverse alignments with ion beams and the transverse beam transfer function measurement with head-on electron-proton beam are presented.