Particular Morphology of Inferior Pulmonary Veins and Difficulty of Cryoballoon Ablation in Patients With Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation

Abstract

RIPV with ventral orientation may require difficult maneuvers to advance an ablation system towards it. Low take-off of the inferior PVs may cause non-coaxial configuration of balloon catheters towards the direction of these veins.