European Journal of Organic Chemistry · 2016 · 23 citations · 51 references
Natural SciencesChemistryCatalysisOrganic ChemistryReaction EngineeringCatalytic MaterialsHeterocycle SynthesisHeterocyclic ChemistryHeterocyclic CompoundsOrganic SynthesisChemo-selectivityHeterocycle FunctionalizationSonogashira CouplingTransition-metal-catalyzed Heterocycle Synthesis
A protocol based on cyclocarbonylative Sonogashira reactions has been developed for the synthesis of nitrogen‐containing heterocycles. The process is carried out under CO pressure, in the presence of a small amount of PdCl 2 (PPh 3 ) 2 (0.2–0.4 mol‐%) as a catalytic precursor, and without the need for a copper salt as cocatalyst. Suitable tosylamides reacted successfully with iodoarenes bearing electron‐withdrawing and electron‐donating groups. In particular, N ‐(2‐ethynylbenzyl)‐4‐methylbenzenesulfonamide gave carbonylmethylene isoindolines with complete chemo‐ and stereoselectivity. On the other hand, the reaction between iodoarenes and N ‐(2‐ethynylphenethyl)‐4‐methylbenzenesulfonamide did not yield tetrahydroisoquinolines as expected, but dihydrobenzoazepines were obtained.
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Jack E. Baldwin · Journal of the Chemical Society Chemical Communications · 1976 · 2.2K citations
Catalytic Synthesis of Indoles from Alkynes
Karolin Krüger, Annegret Tillack, Matthias Beller · Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis · 2008 · 388 citations