Valsalva versus straining: There is a distinct difference in resulting bladder neck and puborectalis muscle position

Abstract

Valsalva and straining are different tasks with different PFM activation patterns. The PF is stiffer with Valsalva resulting in better BN support whereas straining leads to more PR and BN descent. These terms should not be used interchangeably and women have to be instructed carefully to allow appropriate interpretation of data.