Enhancing the Sensing Properties of TiO₂ Nanosheets with Exposed {001} Facets by a Hydrogenation and Sensing Mechanism

Abstract

Hydrogenation is successfully employed to improve sensing performances of the gas sensors based on TiO₂ nanosheets with exposed {001} facets for the first time. The hydrogenated TiO₂ nanosheets show a significantly higher response toward ethanol, acetone, triethylamine, or formaldehyde than the samples without hydrogenation, and the response further increases with an increase of the hydrogenation temperature. The excellent sensing performances are ascribed to an increase of the density of unsaturated Ti_5c atoms on the {001} surface resulting from the hydrogenation process. The unsaturated Ti_5c atoms are considered to serve as sensing reaction active sites. They can generate noncontributing (free) electrons and adsorb oxygen molecules, and the detailed sensing mechanism is described at atomic and molecule level. The hydrogenated strategy may be employed to enhance the sensing performances of other metal oxide sensors and catalytic reaction activities of catalyst. The concept of the surface unsaturated metal atoms serving as sensing reaction active sites not only deepens the understanding of the sensing reaction and catalytic reaction mechanism but also provides new insights into the design of advanced gas sensing materials, catalysts, and photoelectronic devices.