Bone regeneration in minipigs via calcium phosphate cement scaffold delivering autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and platelet‐rich plasma

Abstract

Macroporous calcium phosphate cement (CPC) with stem cell seeding is promising for bone regeneration. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of co-delivering autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in CPC scaffold for bone regeneration in minipigs for the first time. Twelve female adult Tibet minipigs (12-18 months old) were used. A cylindrical defect with 10 mm height and 8 mm diameter was prepared at the femoral condyle. Two bone defects were created in each minipig, one at each side of the femoral condyle. Three constructs were tested: (1) CPC scaffold (CPC control); (2) CPC seeded with BMSCs (CPC-BMSC); (3) CPC seeded with BMSCs and PRP (CPC-BMSC-PRP). Two time points were tested: 6 and 12 weeks (n = 4). Good integration of implant with surrounding tissues was observed in all groups. At 12 weeks, the CPC-BMSC-PRP group had significantly less residual CPC remaining in the defect than the CPC-BMSC group and the CPC control (p < 0.05). The residual CPC volume for the CPC-BMSC-PRP group was half that of the CPC control. New bone formation for CPC-BMSC-PRP was more than two-fold that of the CPC control (p < 0.05). CPC-BMSC-PRP had new blood vessel density that was nearly two-fold that of the CPC control (p < 0.05). In conclusion, CPC scaffold with autologous BMSC-PRP doubled the new bone regeneration and blood vessel density in minipigs compared with the CPC control. In the present study, the new macroporous CPC system with co-delivered BMSC-PRP has been shown to promote scaffold resorption and bone regeneration in large defects. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.