Humidity-independent conducting polyaniline films synthesized using advanced atmospheric pressure plasma polymerization with <i>in-situ</i> iodine doping

Abstract

This study reports on the synthesis and characterization of conducting polyaniline (PANI) thin films when using advanced atmospheric pressure plasma jets (APPJs). A simple method for synthesizing conducting polymers (CPs) with humidity-independent characteristics is introduced using advanced APPJs and an in-situ iodine doping method. In the case of ex-situ I2 doping, a humidity effect study showed that increasing the relative humidity produced significant changes in the electrical resistance (R) of the PANI, indicating strong humidity-dependent characteristics similar to conventional CPs. In contrast, in the case of in-situ I2 doping, the R and sensitivity of the PANI remained essentially unchanged when increasing the relative humidity, except for a very low sensitivity of 0.5% under 94% relative humidity. In addition, the R for the PANI with in-situ I2 doping showed no aging effect, while the R for the ex-situ-doped PANI increased dramatically over time. Thus, it is anticipated that the use of in-situ doping during plasma polymerization can be widely used to design stable and high-performance CPs with humidity-independent characteristics for a variety of applications.