Local Uniqueness and Refined Spike Profiles of Ground States for Two-Dimensional Attractive Bose-Einstein Condensates

Abstract

We consider ground states of two-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates in a trap with attractive interactions, which can be described equivalently by positive minimizers of the $L^2$-critical constraint Gross-Pitaevskii energy functional. It is known that ground states exist if and only if $a< a^*:= \|w\|_2^2$, where $a$ denotes the interaction strength and $w$ is the unique positive solution of $\Delta w-w+w^3=0$ in ${\mathbb{R}}^2$. In this paper, we prove the local uniqueness and refined spike profiles of ground states as $a\nearrow a^*$, provided that the trapping potential $h(x)$ is homogeneous and $H(y)=\int_{\mathbb{R}^2} h(x+y)w^2(x)dx$ admits a unique and nondegenerate critical point.