Inhibiting thyrotropin/insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor crosstalk to treat Graves' ophthalmopathy: studies in orbital fibroblasts<i>in vitro</i>

Abstract

Our data support TSH and IGF-1 receptors as therapeutic targets for GO, but reveal putative conditions for anti-IGF-1 receptor resistance. Combination treatments antagonizing both receptors yield additive effects by inhibiting crosstalk triggered by TSH receptor stimulatory antibodies. Combination therapy may be an effective strategy for dose reduction and/or compensate for any loss of anti-IGF-1 receptor efficacy.