Use of classical variational principles to determine bounds for the effective bulk modulus in heterogeneous media

Mark J. Beran, John E. Molyneux

Quarterly of Applied Mathematics · 1966 · 239 citations · 6 references

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Abstract

Bounds are here derived for the effective bulk modulus in heterogeneous media, denoted by <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="k asterisk"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:mo> ∗ </mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">k*</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> , using the two standard variational principles of elasticity. As trial functions for the stress and strain fields we use perturbation expansions that have been modified by the inclusion of a set of multiplicative constants. The first order perturbation effect is explicitly calculated and bounds for <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="k asterisk"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:mo> ∗ </mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">k*</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> are derived in terms of the correlation functions <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="mathematical left-angle mu prime left-parenthesis 0 right-parenthesis k prime left-parenthesis r right-parenthesis k prime left-parenthesis s right-parenthesis mathematical right-angle"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>⟨</mml:mo> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi> μ </mml:mi> <mml:mo>′</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:mo>′</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:mo>′</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>⟩</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\left \langle {\mu ’(0)k’(r)k’(s)} \right \rangle</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> and <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="mathematical left-angle left-bracket k prime left-parenthesis r right-parenthesis k prime left-parenthesis s right-parenthesis slash mu left-parenthesis 0 right-parenthesis right-bracket mathematical right-angle"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>⟨</mml:mo> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>[</mml:mo> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:mo>′</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:mo>′</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi> μ </mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>]</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>⟩</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\left \langle {\left [ {k’(r)k’(s)/\mu (0)} \right ]} \right \rangle</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> where <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="mu prime"> <mml:semantics> <mml:msup> <mml:mi> μ </mml:mi> <mml:mo>′</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\mu ’</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> and <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="k prime"> <mml:semantics> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:mo>′</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">k’</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> are the fluctuating parts of the shear modulus <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="mu"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi> μ </mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\mu</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> and the bulk modulus, <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="k"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">k</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> , respectively. Explicit calculations are given for two phase media when <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="mu prime left-parenthesis x right-parenthesis equals 0"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi> μ </mml:mi> <mml:mo>′</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\mu ’(x) = 0</mml:annotation> </mml:se

References

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