Template-free 3D titanium carbide (Ti₃C₂T_x) MXene particles crumpled by capillary forces

Abstract

Ti₃C₂T_x and other types of MXene nanosheets are an exciting new class of 2D materials. However, little has been reported on manipulating the shape of MXene nanosheets. Here, we demonstrate that flat Ti₃C₂T_x nanosheets encapsulated within spray-dried droplets can be scrolled, bent, and folded into 3D crumpled structures. This morphological change was observed to be reversible upon rehydration.