A prospective and randomised trial comparing fluoroscopic, total ultrasonographic, and combined guidance for renal access in mini‐percutaneous nephrolithotomy

Abstract

Mini-PCNL under USG is as safe and effective as FG or CG in the treatment of simple kidney stones (S.T.O.N.E. scores 5-6) but with no radiation exposure. FG or CG is more effective for patients with S.T.O.N.E. scores of 7-8, where multiple percutaneous tracts may be necessary.