The Associations of Blood Kidney Injury Molecule-1 and Neutrophil Gelatinase–Associated Lipocalin with Progression from CKD to ESRD

Abstract

In patients with moderate to severe CKD, kidney injury molecule-1 and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin blood levels are independent risk factors for progression to ESRD. Additional studies are needed to establish the utility and cost-effectiveness of these novel biomarkers in the clinical setting.