Green Synthesis Methods of CoFe₂O₄and Ag-CoFe₂O₄Nanoparticles Using Hibiscus Extracts and Their Antimicrobial Potential

Abstract

The cobalt ferrite (CoFe 2 O 4 ) and silver-cobalt ferrite (Ag-CoFe 2 O 4 ) nanoparticles were obtained through self-combustion and wet ferritization methods using aqueous extracts of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis flower and leaf. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and magnetic measurements were used for the characterization of the obtained oxide powders. The antimicrobial activity of the cobalt ferrite and silver-cobalt ferrite nanoparticles against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as fungal strains, was investigated by qualitative and quantitative assays. The most active proved to be the Ag-CoFe 2 O 4 nanoparticles, particularly those obtained through self-combustion using hibiscus leaf extract, which exhibited very low minimal inhibitory concentration values (0.031–0.062 mg/mL) against all tested microbial strains, suggesting their potential for the development of novel antimicrobial agents.