Internet of Things — Architecture, applications, security and other major challenges

TLDR

The Internet of Things interconnects physical objects equipped with sensors, actuators, and computing power, enabling smart devices to collect data, process it, and act autonomously across domains such as home automation, healthcare, and transport, promising unprecedented benefits while raising significant security and other challenges. This paper aims to examine the building blocks of IoT, describe its architectural components, identify potential application domains, and highlight the major challenges and security threats that must be addressed. The authors analyze the IoT architecture by outlining its core components, surveying application areas, and systematically exploring the associated technical and security challenges.

Abstract

The concept that helps to interconnect physical objects equipped with sensing, actuating, computing power and thus lends them the capability to collaborate on a task in unison remaining connected to the internet is termed as the “Internet of Things” (IoT). With the help of sensors, actuators and embedded microcontrollers the notion of smart object is realized. The use of smart objects of the IoT framework will soon be found in application areas like home automation, healthcare, transport etc. wherein these smart devices collect data from the environment of deployment, process them and initiate suitable actions. Thus the Internet of Things will bring hitherto unimaginable benefits and help humans in leading a smart and luxurious life. But these benefits are accompanied by various challenges and security threats that need to be addressed. This paper discusses about the building blocks of IoT, presents the architectural components of IoT, lists some potential application domains where IoT is applicable, explores the major challenges that have to be addressed along with the security challenges that need attention.