In vitro and In vivo Antioxidant, Anti-hyperlipidemic Properties and Chemical Characterization of Centella asiatica (L.) Extract

Abstract

The study aimed to identify the phenolic compounds present in <i>Centella asiatica</i> (L.) (<i>C. asiatica</i>) extract and evaluate the respective antioxidant potential as well as its cholesterol-lowering effects in the experimental animal model. Herein, the antioxidant potential of extracts was assessed by its free radical scavenging activity such as 2, 2-diphenyl -1- picrylhydrazyl as well as reducing capability. The anti-hyperlipidemic effects of <i>C. asiatica</i> extract (CAE) were evaluated in high cholesterol-fed (HCF) rats for 4 weeks, where different concentrations of extracts (0.25, 0.5, and 1 g/kg/day) were orally administrated daily. Lipid and antioxidant profiles, including total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), together with the indices of hepatic functions were also examined. <i>C. asiatica</i> revealed excellent free radical scavenging activity as revealed by 2-2- diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assay, with the IC₅₀ values (9.62 ± 0.88 μg/mL). Furthermore, <i>C. asiatica</i> extracts and fenofibrate remarkably lowered the level of TC, TG, LDL-C, and showed elevated levels of HDL-C, SOD. The histopathological observations further demonstrated clear differentiation and structural changes in liver of HCF and CAE treated group. Furthermore, gulonic acid, ferulic acid, kaempferol, chlorogenic acid, and asiatic acid were identified to be the major components which might be responsible for the antioxidant activity of the <i>C. asiatica</i> extract as evidenced from an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer. Taken together, these results signifies the excellent antioxidant and anti-hyperlipidemic properties of <i>C. asiatica</i> leaf extracts, which might be useful for the treatment of oxidative-stress related diseases such as hyperlipidemia.