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The two-echelon time-constrained vehicle routing problem in linehaul-delivery systems considering carbon dioxide emissions

Vehicle RoutingIntermodal TransportationEngineeringTransport EfficiencyLinehaul-delivery SystemsEnergy ManagementCarbon Dioxide EmissionsTransport LogisticBusinessSystems EngineeringLogisticsSupply Chain ManagementTwo-echelon Time-constrained VehicleTransport SectorVehicle Routing ProblemOperations Research