Nanoparticles of Low-Valence Vanadium Oxyhydroxides: Reaction Mechanisms and Polymorphism Control by Low-Temperature Aqueous Chemistry

Abstract

An aqueous synthetic route at 95 °C is developed to reach selectively three scarcely reported vanadium oxyhydroxides. Häggite V₂O₃(OH)₂, Duttonite VO(OH)₂, and Gain's hydrate V₂O₄(H₂O)₂ are obtained as nanowires, nanorods, and nanoribbons, with sizes 1 order of magnitude smaller than previously reported. X-ray absorption spectroscopy provides evidence that vanadium in these phases is V^+IV. Combined with FTIR, XRD, and electron microscopy, it yields the first insights into formation mechanisms, especially for Häggite and Gain's hydrate. This study opens the way for further investigations of the properties of novel V^+IV (oxyhydr)oxides nanostructures.