Psychosocial and Somatosensory Factors in Women with Chronic Migraine and Painful Temporomandibular Disorders

Abstract

Introduction . Psychosocial and somatosensory factors are involved in the pathophysiology of chronic migraine (CM) and chronic temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Objective . To compare and assess the relationship between pain catastrophizing and kinesiophobia in patients with CM or chronic TMD. Method . Cross-sectional study of 20 women with CM, 19 with chronic TMD, and 20 healthy volunteers. Pain catastrophizing and kinesiophobia were assessed. The level of education, pain intensity, and magnitude of temporal summation of stimuli in the masseter (STM) and tibialis (STT) muscles were also evaluated. Results . There were significant differences between the CM and chronic TMD groups, compared with the group of asymptomatic subjects, for all variables (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;</mml:mo><mml:mo>.</mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle="italic">05</mml:mn></mml:math>) except kinesiophobia when comparing patients with CM and healthy women. Moderate correlations between kinesiophobia and catastrophizing (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"><mml:mi>r</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle="italic">0.46</mml:mn></mml:math>;<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3"><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;</mml:mo><mml:mo>.</mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle="italic">01</mml:mn></mml:math>) were obtained, and the strongest association was between kinesiophobia and magnification (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4"><mml:mi>r</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle="italic">0.52</mml:mn></mml:math>;<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M5"><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;</mml:mo><mml:mo>.</mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle="italic">01</mml:mn></mml:math>). The strongest associations among physical variables were found between the STM on both sides (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M6"><mml:mi>r</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle="italic">0.93</mml:mn></mml:math>;<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M7"><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;</mml:mo><mml:mo>.</mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle="italic">01</mml:mn></mml:math>) and between the left and right STT (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M8"><mml:mi>r</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle="italic">0.76</mml:mn></mml:math>;<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M9"><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;</mml:mo><mml:mo>.</mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle="italic">01</mml:mn></mml:math>). Conclusion . No differences were observed in pain catastrophizing and kinesiophobia between women with CM and with chronic TMD. Women with CM or chronic TMD showed higher levels of pain catastrophizing than asymptomatic subjects.