Adverse childhood experiences and life opportunities: Shifting the narrative

TLDR

Early adversity such as child abuse and neglect is linked to poorer health and reduced life opportunities, including lower education, employment, and income, yet the connection between early adversity and adult socioeconomic status remains poorly understood. The study examined how adverse childhood experiences relate to adult education, employment, and income using 2010 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data from 10 states and DC, and discussed the findings in the context of structural policies that may perpetuate intergenerational cycles of abuse and poverty. Data were drawn from the ACE module of the 2010 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System across 10 states and DC to assess associations between ACE scores and adult socioeconomic outcomes. Participants with higher ACE scores were more likely to have not completed high school, be unemployed, and live below the federal poverty level, suggesting that preventing early adversity could improve health and life opportunities across generations.

Abstract

Substantial research shows that early adversity, including child abuse and neglect, is associated with diminished health across the life course and across generations. Less well understood is the relationship between early adversity and adult socioeconomic status, including education, employment, and income. Collectively, these outcomes provide an indication of overall life opportunity. We analyzed data from 10 states and the District of Columbia that used the adverse childhood experiences (ACE) module in the 2010 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System to examine the association between ACEs and adult education, employment, and income. Compared to participants with no ACEs, those with higher ACE scores were more likely to report high school non-completion, unemployment, and living in a household below the federal poverty level. This evidence suggests that preventing early adversity may impact health and life opportunities that reverberate across generations. Current efforts to prevent early adversity might be more successful if they broaden public and professional understanding (i.e., the narrative) of the links between early adversity and poverty. We discuss our findings within the context of structural policies and processes that may further contribute to the intergenerational continuity of child abuse and neglect and poverty.