Biomass-Derived Activated Carbon Supported Fe₃O₄ Nanoparticles as Recyclable Catalysts for Reduction of Nitroarenes

Abstract

Highly porous beetroot-derived activated carbons incorporated with well-dispered magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs; average size ca. 3.8 ± 0.5 nm) were fabricated via a microwave-assisted synthesis route. The magnetic Fe3O4@BRAC catalysts so-fabricated were characterized by a variety of diffent physicochemical teniques, viz. XRD, FE-TEM, VSM, gas physisorption/chemisorption, TGA, XPS, Raman, ICP-AES, and FT-IR spectroscopy. The as-prepared catalysts were exploited for heterogeneous-phase reduction of a series of nitroaromatics (RNO2; R = H, OH, NH2, CH3, and COOH) under KOH as a base, isopropyl alcohol acting as a hydrogen donor as well as solvent and also tested with other solvents. The reaction system not only exhibits excellent activity with high anilines yield but also represents a green and durable catalytic process, which facilitates facile operation, easy separation, and catalyst recycle.