A Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal and Environmental (PESTLE) approach for assessment of coastal zone management practice in India

Abstract

This article presents a comprehensive analysis of coastal zone management practice through a political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental (PESTLE) approach and by reviewing relevant literature. Various geo-morphological features and coastal resources of India and major threats on coastal areas were highlighted. The article also highlights the transition of coastal zone management policies of India and their impacts on the coastal areas and ecosystems. Attempting to cite examples for the efforts taken for environmental protection from historical past to the recent developing era, the article also describes the present framework and addresses the strengths and challenges and concludes with some suggestions for an effective coastal zone management in India.