An Availability Analysis and Energy Consumption Model for a Flemish Fleet of Electric Vehicles

Abstract

This paper determines a simulation model to create realistic driving patterns for a fleet of vehicles (availability analysis) and a model to calculate the energy consumption (Wh/km) of electric vehicles (EVs). The first model creates a unique driving behavior for each vehicle in the fleet, based on Flemish data on travel behavior. The second model calculates the energy consumption of EVs based on representative driving cycles and vehicle characteristics based on data sheets from manufacturers. The main contribution of this paper is to show the decoupling of both models. The results of the energy consumption calculations can be used as an input for the availability analysis to calculate the energy demand and to determine the battery state of charge (SoC). As such, it is not necessary to have the drive cycles as an input for the availability analysis, which would drastically slow down these simulations because of a different time scale (second versus minute scale). Both models will be used to analyze the battery sizing for battery electric vehicles (BEVs). Since the specific energy consumption depends on several vehicle parameters. The sensitivity to these parameters on the energy requirements (from the availability analysis) will be discussed. Also the power requirements (from the energy consumption calculations) will be checked.