Programmed cell death‐1 blockade enhances response to stereotactic radiation in an orthotopic murine model of hepatocellular carcinoma

Abstract

Tumor response to stereotactic radiation can be augmented by concurrent treatment with αPD-1. The efficacy of this combination therapy was transient, however, and treatment induced markers of adaptive immune resistance. These data are promising, but also indicate that mechanisms of immune resistance will need to be durably overcome for this combination to generate lasting immunity to protect against tumor recurrence.