Hierarchical Ternary Carbide Nanoparticle/Carbon Nanotube-Inserted N-Doped Carbon Concave-Polyhedrons for Efficient Lithium and Sodium Storage

Abstract

Here, we report a hierarchical Co₃ZnC/carbon nanotube-inserted nitrogen-doped carbon concave-polyhedrons synthesized by direct pyrolysis of bimetallic zeolitic imidazolate framework precursors under a flow of Ar/H₂ and subsequent calcination for both high-performance rechargeable Li-ion and Na-ion batteries. In this structure, Co₃ZnC nanoparticles were homogeneously distributed in in situ growth carbon nanotube-inserted nitrogen-doped carbon concave-polyhedrons. Such a hierarchical structure offers a synergistic effect to withstand the volume variation and inhibit the aggregation of Co₃ZnC nanoparticles during long-term cycles. Meanwhile, the nitrogen-doped carbon and carbon nanotubes in the hierarchical Co₃ZnC/carbon composite offer fast electron transportation to achieve excellent rate capability. As anode of Li-ion batteries, the electrode delivered a high reversible capacity (∼800 mA h/g at 0.5 A/g), outstanding high-rate capacity (408 mA h/g at 5.0 A/g), and long-term cycling performance (585 mA h/g after 1500 cycles at 2.0 A/g). In Na-ion batteries, the Co₃ZnC/carbon composite maintains a stable capacity of 386 mA h/g at 1.0 A/g without obvious decay over 750 cycles and a superior rate capability (∼500, 448, and 415 mA h/g at 0.2, 0.5, and 1.0 A/g, respectively).