Empirical verification of the circumplex of identity formation modes and its potential to integrate different models of identity development in the Erikson–Marcia tradition

Abstract

The paper presents the empirical verification of the Circumplex of Identity Formation Modes proposed by Cieciuch and Topolewska (current issue). The model implies eight identity formation modes, characterized as ways of identity management: Exploration, Consolidation, Socialization, Normativity, Petrification, Diffusion, Defiance, and Moratorivity. The proposed model builds a basis for the synthesis of knowledge on identity formation gathered in various models developed in the Erikson–Marcia tradition. The three studies were conducted: two involving college students (N = 371 and N = 466) and one involving young adults (N = 715). The studies corroborated (1) the eight-factor structure of identity formation modes both among students and young adults, (2) the circular organization of the modes in both age groups, (3) a sinusoidal relationship between the modes and well-being as an additional test for the circular structure of the differentiated modes, and (4) the possibility to apply the proposed model as a matrix for the description of constructs developed within other identity formation models.