Effects of low‐frequency ultrasound treatment of titanium surface roughness on osteoblast phenotype and maturation

Abstract

These results show that low-frequency ultrasound altered Ti surface properties. Osteoblasts were sensitive to the changes induced by ultrasound treatment. The data suggest that the effect is to delay differentiation, but it is unclear whether this delay will prevent osseointegration. These results suggest that low-frequency ultrasound may be useful for treating implant surfaces in situ leading to successful re-osseointegration of implants affected by peri-implantitis.