Natural Bentonite Clay and Its Composites for Dye Removal: Current State and Future Potential

Abstract

Dye bearing effluent have become one of the most dangerous environmental complications, and the removal of synthetic dyes (e.g., acid dyes, azoic (or naphthol) dyes, basic dyes, chrome (or mordant) dyes, developed (or diazo) dyes, direct dyes, disperse (or acetate) dyes, reactive (or fiber-reactive) dyes, sulphur dyes, Vat dyes) from water and wastewater is of unique concern because they are unmanageable and sustained in the environment. As of late, bentonites and its composite have been moderately applied to the removal of dye bearing effluent from contaminated water through adsorption processes. This paper reviews recent progress in the application of bentonites and its composites for the removal of synthetic dyes from contaminated water. The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive literature review of the performance of adsorption process in removing synthetic dyes from water and wastewater by using bentonites and its composites. This study assesses the removal data compare from recent research relating to various dyes during the adsorption process. The paper discusses removal efficiencies, thermodynamics and reaction kinetics. Bentonites are anticipated to have significant potential for comprehensive application to wastewater treatment in the near future. Various challenges encountered in using bentonites and its composite are highlighted and a number of future prospects for the bentonites based adsorbents are proposed.