Drinking water contamination and treatment techniques

TLDR

Water is essential for life, supporting cellular structure and metabolism, yet contaminants disrupt these processes and can cause acute and chronic illnesses. The review examines likely water contaminants and their pathways. The review outlines current and emerging water treatment technologies, highlighting hybrid approaches and future innovations.

Abstract

Water is of fundamental importance for life on earth. The synthesis and structure of cell constituents and transport of nutrients into the cells as well as body metabolism depend on water. The contaminations present in water disturb the spontaneity of the mechanism and result in long/short-term diseases. The probable contaminations and their possible routes are discussed in the present review. Continued research efforts result in some processes/technologies to remove the contaminations from water. The review includes concepts and potentialities of the technologies in a comprehensible form. It also includes some meaningful hybrid technologies and promising awaited technologies in coming years.