Influence of environment during maternal plant growth on dormancy of shattercane (<i>Sorghum bicolor</i>) and giant foxtail (<i>Setaria faberi</i>) seed

Abstract

The germination behavior of giant foxtail and shattercane seed was investigated to determine whether environment in which maternal plants grow and progeny seed develop affects seed dormancy. Giant foxtail and shattercane seed was collected in 1985, 1991, and 1992. Plants from this seed were grown to maturity in the field and the greenhouse in 1993 and 1994. Experiments were conducted using mature progeny seed collected from these plants to determine the influence of environment of maternal growth on seed germination. Greenhouse-raised giant foxtail seed was more dormant than field-raised seed. Progeny of the 1991 giant foxtail collection had the most dormant seed, whereas progeny of the 1992 collection had the least dormant seed. Field-raised shattercane seed was more dormant than greenhouse-raised seed, but this dormancy was easily overcome by placing them in fluctuating temperatures. Moist stratification of giant foxtail seed increased its overall germination and reduced the differences in germination between individual collections and between field- and greenhouse-raised seed lots. Moist stratification of shattercane seed resulted in increased variability in germination within and among seed lots. Subjecting shattercane seed to freezing and thawing was most detrimental and caused an 89% reduction in germination due to seed death. These data indicate that before overwintering, giant foxtail seed differed in germination percentage, but overwintering reduced these differences. Shattercane seed produced in different environments had similar germination percentage. This suggests that successful overwintering depends on its ability to survive freezing and thawing conditions.