Synthesis of Fluorescent Binaphthyl Amines That Bind <i>c-MYC</i> G-Quadruplex DNA and Repress <i>c-MYC</i> Expression

Abstract

Two novel binaphthyl amines have been designed and synthesized using Buchwald amination and oxidative homocoupling as key steps. The binaphthyl amine containing two triazole rings shows higher affinity for c-MYC G-quadruplex, exhibits fluorescence "turn-on" response with c-MYC, and stains the nucleus in cells. The triazolyl binaphthyl amine shows cytotoxicity for cancer cells by inducing G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Moreover, both ligands can downregulate c-MYC expression at transcriptional and translational levels.