Recyclable montmorillonite-supported thiazolium ionic liquids for high-yielding and solvent-free upgrading of furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to C₁₀ and C₁₂ furoins

Abstract

Six Na⁺/montmorillonite (MMT) – supported thiazolium (TM) ionic liquids (ILs) have been synthesized and employed to catalyze the highly selective condensation of furfural (FF) and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) into C₁₀ and C₁₂ furoins, respectively.