CCR5 ameliorates Japanese encephalitis via dictating the equilibrium of regulatory CD4+Foxp3+ T and IL-17+CD4+ Th17 cells

Abstract

CCR5 regulates JE progression via governing timely and appropriate CNS infiltration of CD4(+)Foxp3(+) Tregs, thereby facilitating host survival. Therefore, this critical and extended role of CCR5 in JE raises possible safety concerns regarding the use of CCR5 antagonists in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals who inhabit regions in which both HIV and flaviviruses, such as JEV and West Nile virus, are endemic.