Changes in genetic selection differentials and generation intervals in US Holstein dairy cattle as a result of genomic selection

TLDR

Genomic selection introduced in 2008 was expected to accelerate genetic gain, especially for low‑heritability traits such as fertility and longevity. The US national dairy database shows that genomic selection has dramatically shortened generation intervals, increased selection intensity for low‑heritability traits, and accelerated genetic gains in fertility, lifespan, and udder health, benefiting not only US Holsteins but also other populations worldwide.

Abstract

Significance The introduction of genomic selection in dairy cattle improvement programs in 2008 was expected to increase rates of genetic gain, particularly for traits with low heritabilities, such as fertility and longevity. Our analysis of the US national dairy database found that generation intervals have decreased dramatically over the past 6 y, and selection intensity for lowly heritable traits has increased considerably. Genetic trends rapidly increased for fertility, lifespan, and udder health. These results clearly demonstrate the positive impact of genomic selection in US dairy cattle, even though this technology has only been in use for a short time. This progress in US Holsteins will have a favorable impact on other populations worldwide due to the widespread dissemination of US germplasm.