Kidney injury molecule-1 and neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin in normoalbuminuric diabetic children

Abstract

NGAL and KIM are high in normoalbuminuric diabetic children before reduction in glomerular filtration rate. High NGAL and KIM-1 levels may indicate early diabetic kidney injury; however, we did not observe any relationship between these markers and diabetic indices. For clinical usefulness of these markers, long-term studies are required.