Hyperbaric oxygen increases tissue-plasminogen activator-induced thrombolysis in vitro, and reduces ischemic brain damage and edema in rats subjected to thromboembolic brain ischemia

Abstract

Recent data have shown that normobaric oxygen (NBO) increases the catalytic and thrombolytic efficiency of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) <i>in vitro</i>, and is as efficient as rtPA at restoring cerebral blood flow in rats subjected to thromboembolic brain ischemia. Therefore, in the present study, we studied the effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) (i) on rtPA-induced thrombolysis <i>in vitro</i> and (ii) in rats subjected to thromboembolic middle cerebral artery occlusion-induced brain ischemia. HBO increases rtPA-induced thrombolysis <i>in vitro</i> to a greater extent than NBO; in addition, HBO treatment of 5-minute duration, but not of 25-minute duration, reduces brain damage and edema <i>in vivo</i>. In line with the facilitating effect of NBO on cerebral blood flow, our findings suggest that 5-minute HBO could have provided neuroprotection by promoting thrombolysis. The lack of effect of HBO exposure of longer duration is discussed.