Miniaturized E5a/E1 Antenna Array for Robust GNSS Navigation

Abstract

This letter discusses the design and manufacturing of a miniaturized 2 × 2 stacked patch antenna array, operating at E5a and E1 Galileo bands (i.e., at central frequencies of 1176 and 1575 MHz, respectively), for robust navigation applications. The 2 × 2 array configuration has a total dimension of 100 × 100 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , hence enabling its use in mobile applications. Due to the tight placement of nearby elements, mutual coupling problems arise. The reduction of the electromagnetic interaction among the elements is pursued by the means of a metallic fence.