An innovative technique for web text watermarking (AITW)

Abstract

Embedding a hidden stream of bits in a cover file to prevent illegal use is called digital watermarking. The cover file could be a text, image, video, or audio. In this study, we propose invisible watermarking based on the text included in a webpage. Watermarks are based on predefined structural and syntactic rules, which are encrypted and then converted into zero-width control characters using binary model classification before embedding into a webpage. This concept means that HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) is used as a cover file to embed the hashed and transparent zero-width watermarks. We have implemented the proposed invisible watermarking against various attacks to reach optimum robustness.