Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine · 2016 · 25 citations · 18 references
Higher rates of device failure are associated with the use of off-label IT drugs. However, device failure may still occur while infusing only approved medications. Implanted patients should be properly informed and educated to differentiate and recognize the critical error alarm of their device as well as the signs and symptoms of IT medication overdose and withdrawal.
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Pain Relief by Intrathecally Applied Morphine in Man
Josef K. Wang, Lee A. Nauss, Juergen E. Thomas · Anesthesiology · 1979 · 939 citations · Full text
Timothy R. Deer, Joshua P. Prager, Robert M. Levy et al. · Neuromodulation Technology at the Neural Interface · 2012 · 317 citations
Pain Therapy, Interdisciplinary Expert Panel, Health Sciences +11