The Role of the FSH System in the Development and Progression of Prostate Cancer

Abstract

Introduction It is likely that dysregulation of the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) system plays a significant role in the progression of abnormal prostate growth from benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) to hormone-dependent prostate cancer to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). This review will focus on the data supporting this role of FSH in prostate cancer, and begin to draw together evidence of the mechanisms by which the FSH system may be dysregulated. Finally, we will discuss the impact that pharmacologic androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) with gonadotropin-releasing hormone, also called luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (GnRH/LHRH), receptor agonists and antagonists may have on the FSH system.1-5 Throughout this review, we use the term FSH system to encompass all aspects of FSH, including the synthesis, release, and circulating levels of FSH itself, as well as its receptor and receptor signaling.