Inflammatory demyelination without astrocyte loss in MOG antibody–positive NMOSD

Abstract

We report a patient with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) with antibodies against myelin oligodendrocyte protein (MOG) and seronegative for aquaporin-4 (AQP4) presenting with relapsing-remitting longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM) and cerebral tumefactive demyelinating lesions. Neuropathology showed active inflammatory demyelination with relative preservation of astrocytes.