Inhibition of Calcium Oxalate Dihydrate Crystallization by Chemical Modifiers: I. Pyrophosphate and Methylene Blue

Abstract

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Jan 1978Inhibition of Calcium Oxalate Dihydrate Crystallization by Chemical Modifiers: I. Pyrophosphate and Methylene Blue George W. Drach, Alan D. Randolph, and John D. Miller George W. DrachGeorge W. Drach , Alan D. RandolphAlan D. Randolph , and John D. MillerJohn D. Miller View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)57395-4AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Pyrophosphate and methylene blue are 2 agents observed to inhibit the calcium oxalate monohydrate crystal mass produced in urine or simulated urine. These agents do not produce this effect by inhibition of crystal growth. Information on nucleation rates and studies in the calcium oxalate dihydrate system have not been reported. Mixed suspension mixed product removal crystallizer techniques were used to isolate and analyze effects on calcium oxalate dihydrate crystallization of these 2 inhibitors on kinetics of total crystal mass (MT), linear crystal growth rate (G) and crystal nucleation rate (B0). Within this system mass and population balances conform to the relationship MT equals 6ρkvB0 τ4G3, where ρ represents crystal density, kv is a volumetric shape factor and τ indicates time of retention of crystals within the crystallizer. Pyrophosphate exerted its inhibitory effect by decreasing the nucleation rate in ratios ranging from 3.4 to 4.2 when compared to uninhibited synthetic urine supersaturated with calcium oxalate. Methylene blue decreases the nucleation rate by ratios of 1.5 to 2.9. Additional inhibitory effects of methylene blue are probably caused by its involvement in the chemical equilibria of the system. Total crystal mass (MT) produced per unit time in the crystallizer was significantly inhibited by both substances. Since growth rate (G) for both inhibitors remained near or actually increased over control rate, inhibition of nucleation must account for most of the inhibition observed. Since nucleation of large quantities (more than 107 nuclei per minute perml. solution) in crystal systems is known to be related to increased crystal aggregation, it is likely that one effect of inhibition of nucleation is decreased crystal aggregation. Aggregation, however, was not measured in these experiments. © 1978 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited BySpringmann K, Drach G, Gottung B and Randolph A (2018) Effects of Human Urine on Aggregation of Calcium Oxalate CrystalsJournal of Urology, VOL. 135, NO. 1, (69-71), Online publication date: 1-Jan-1986.Robertson W and Scurr D (2018) Modifiers of Calcium Oxalate Crystallization Found in Urine. I. Studies With a Continuous Crystallizer Using an Artificial UrineJournal of Urology, VOL. 135, NO. 6, (1322-1326), Online publication date: 1-Jun-1986.Li M, Blacklock N and Garside J (2018) Effects of Magnesium on Calcium Oxalate CrystallizationJournal of Urology, VOL. 133, NO. 1, (122-125), Online publication date: 1-Jan-1985.Drach G, Thorson S and Randolph A (2018) Effects of Urinary Organic Macromolecules On Crystallization of Calcium Oxalate: Enhancement of NucleationJournal of Urology, VOL. 123, NO. 4, (519-523), Online publication date: 1-Apr-1980. Volume 119Issue 1January 1978Page: 99-103 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1978 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information George W. Drach More articles by this author Alan D. Randolph More articles by this author John D. Miller More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...